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"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

Whitehall unit will examine critical contracts after Capita pensions fiasco strengthens case for bringing work in-house:

The UK government is setting up a new unit it promises will "bring forward the biggest wave of insourcing in a generation."

Government outsourcing has long attracted criticism over value for money and service quality, with technology-heavy business processes among the contracts coming under scrutiny.

The government said the new unit, based within the Office for the Prime Minister and Cabinet, would "coordinate departmental insourcing activity, unblock barriers to delivery and identify cross-government opportunities to maximize value for money and restore direct operational accountability."

The unit will consider bringing critical service contracts back in-house and work alongside the recently announced Public Interest Test, which applies to most central government service contracts worth at least £1 million. The test requires departments to consider factors beyond short-term price, including service quality and public value. The unit is also expected to help reduce spending on consultants and professional services by building capability within the Civil Service.

One early candidate is the Cabinet Office's building management work, including cleaning and security, which the government says it will consider bringing in-house when existing contracts end in 2028.

The case for insourcing has gained urgency in Whitehall following the disastrous start to Capita's contract to administer the Civil Service Pension Scheme (CSPS).

The UK outsourcing company won the seven-year, £239 million contract in November 2023 and took over from MyCSP in December 2025. The previous arrangement with MyCSP began in 2012 and had cost £238 million since 2016. Capita's takeover produced a glitchy website and left some former civil servants struggling to access their pensions, as The Reg exclusively revealed. .

In July, Nick Thomas-Symonds, Minister for the Cabinet Office, said the Capita CSPS contract "could be a prime candidate for insourcing in the future."

However, he also admitted that option would have to wait. "If I were to terminate the contract straightaway, that would clearly cause severe disruption to the payroll. I cannot replace a complex pension operation overnight," Thomas-Symonds said.

Even if the government eventually brings the pension administration back in-house, it is unlikely to be an early candidate. Capita's initial seven-year term runs until December 2032, and the contract includes an option for a further three years.

Original Submission

Source BBC Television News: (17:18 BST 30 Sep 2026)

The Prime Minister has stated that the UK now believe that Iran was behind to the attempted attack on RAF Fairford.

The Iranian Ambassador has strongly denied any connection with the incident.

See previous reporting: https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=26/09/28/1259254 https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=26/09/27/115249

hubie writes:

Study finds PETM was marked by a widespread browning of Earth's landscapes and trees are at the root of these drastic changes:

If you want to know how rapidly pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere will impact future forest ecosystems, you have to look into the distant past. The researchers behind a new study published in Science have done just that, reconstructing the forest canopy of 56 million years ago, during a massive and abrupt emission of carbon into the atmosphere during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). For the first time, the authors of the study used fossilized leaf cells to reconstruct the tree canopy of the PETM, Earth's most recent period of comparable global warming, with chilling implications for our near future.

"We are putting CO₂ into the atmosphere faster than any known natural process," says lead author and paleobotanist Dr. Regan Dunn, Assistant Deputy Director and Associate Curator of the Samuel Oschin Global Center for Ice Age Research at La Brea Tar Pits and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. "The Earth has never experienced a carbon release at the pace we're creating today. The PETM gives us our best window into how Earth's climate and ecosystems respond to a massive carbon injection before humans began reshaping the planet."

The authors found that the PETM was marked by a widespread browning of Earth's landscapes. Against a backdrop of elevated atmospheric CO₂, global warming, and reduced rainfall triggered by volcanically driven carbon release, plant species migrated northwards, and canopy cover declined, accelerating erosion and disrupting the terrestrial water cycle. The human-caused climate change happening now is pumping CO2 at an order of magnitude faster than the ancient parallel. Trees are at the root of these drastic changes.

"There are significant tree mortality events everywhere on Earth right now," says Dunn. "Forests are in decline because of warming temperatures, drought stress, pathogen and insect infestations, and wildfires—when you start losing the trees, our canaries in the coal mine, you're in trouble. It's almost universally true in all of Earth's five major extinction events."

Journal Reference: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec4776

Original Submission

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/trump-ai-super-intelligence-internet-response/

If artificial intelligence isn’t called AI, does that make the technology more acceptable?

Speaking to world leaders at the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday, President Donald Trump said he wanted future US government documents to use the term “super intelligence” or “SI” instead of “artificial intelligence” because it’s “more accurate.”

"The use of the word artificial makes intelligence sound fake," the president said at the UN. "It is not fake. It's actually amazing.”

And to honor the rebrand, Trump said, “Welcome to the new world of super intelligence — SI.”

As of yet, there doesn’t appear to be an official government order forcing a change from AI to SI. A White House representative referred CNET to the president’s UN comments.

The president was still using the term AI as of Saturday, when he proposed an AI Force as a follow-up to the Space Force, the space service branch established in 2019.

Then, on Monday, Trump posted a poll to Truth Social and X, asking people to vote for a new term to replace AI: “superior intelligence,” “extreme intelligence,” or “supreme intelligence.” In that instance, “superior intelligence” took the lead before the poll closed. (The president blamed low votes for “supreme intelligence” on the public’s views of the Supreme Court.)

Another poll, posted less than an hour later, asked people to decide between “super intelligence” or “superior intelligence.” In that case, “super” won by a razor-thin margin.

This is hardly the first name change under the Trump administration. A January 2025 executive order directed federal agencies to refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America in official documents. Just last month, Trump ordered Lake Ontario to be designated Lake America. There’s also an ongoing battle over adding the president’s name to the Kennedy Center in Washington.

Get ready for more semantic chaos. The term AI is already a well-established part of the lexicon. An even stickier problem is that Trump’s proposed nomenclature hijacks a term that already has a distinct meaning in the tech world. Superintelligence, as a single word, is used to refer to a hypothetical AI model that can outthink and outperform humans.

Social media commenters quickly found the supersnarky side of the global AI race. “China is already developing Super Duper Intelligence,” wrote Clay Jones on Bluesky.

Some played off the letters SI already being used for Sports Illustrated. “Really not looking forward to the swimsuit issue now,” said one Bluesky commenter.

Another assumed the president would add his brand to the new term. “I thought he would put ‘Trump’ into it somewhere. You know, like … Super Trump Intelligence…'STI.'"

Another X user picked an obvious retort. “‘Lack of intelligence’ is what this administration has.”

One post references the famed scene in the 2011 movie Mean Girls, where Lacey Chabert’s character, Gretchen Wieners, attempts to establish “fetch” as a new slang term.

And some memes and posts pointed out that SI spells sí, meaning “yes” in Spanish.

One referenced the famed scene from the 1996 film Independence Day, in which a fictional president, played by Bill Pullman, encourages the nation to fight against an alien attack.

Legendary Fox Trot cartoonist Bill Amend pointed out that changing AI to SI might have a domino effect on other businesses using the term. “OpenAI lawyers currently scrambling to lock down OpenSI trademarks and web domains…” Amend wrote on Bluesky.

And others pointed out that a name change does nothing to address any of the controversial issues about the technology, with one person writing, “Hey guys, good news! Artificial intelligence isn’t going to take away your job and destroy the planet. Super intelligence is going to take away your job and destroy the planet. OK, ciao.”

Original Submission

hubie writes:

A new Finnish study links habitual coffee consumption to healthier body composition and metabolic markers, while revealing distinct associations with sex hormones in men and women:

The study, conducted at the University of Oulu, analysed data from 2,264 participants aged 46 in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Researchers examined how habitual coffee consumption was associated with circulating metabolites, cardiometabolic risk markers and sex hormones.

Despite having a similar body mass index (BMI), individuals with higher coffee consumption had lower total and visceral fat and greater skeletal muscle mass than those who consumed less coffee.

In both men and women, higher coffee consumption was correlated with lower circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids, biomarkers that have previously been linked to insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes when chronically elevated.

The strongest sex-specific associations were observed in men. Higher coffee consumption was linked to a more favourable glucose–insulin profile, higher concentrations of total and bioavailable testosterone, and increased levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). At the same time, free testosterone and the free androgen index were modestly lower. In women, hormonal associations were more limited and were primarily characterised by higher SHBG and lower measures of free androgens.

"Coffee is consumed by millions of people every day, yet we still know surprisingly little about how it relates to our metabolism and hormones. What stood out in our findings was a distinct hormonal signature that didn't disappear even after we took into account BMI and lifestyle factors, with several of these associations differing between men and women," says Luca Verroest, lead author of the study and Doctoral Researcher at the University of Oulu.

The results suggest that hormonal pathways may partly explain the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic health. However, as this was an observational study, the findings demonstrate associations rather than cause-and-effect relationships.

Journal Reference: Verroest, L., Jokelainen, J., Choudhary, S. et al. Associations of habitual coffee intake with testosterone and cardiometabolic markers: the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. Eur J Nutr 65, 215 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-026-04038-z

Original Submission

JoeMerchant writes:

Our possessions have come alive, transforming ownership from a finished transaction into a permanent, demanding relationship. Modern devices—from smartwatches to TVs—exist in a state of permanent incompletion, constantly requiring updates, configurations, and subscriptions. This turns everyday screen time into unpaid tech-support labor and maintenance rather than leisure.

While features like Apple's Screen Time frame tech exhaustion as a personal failure of self-control, the author argues that your burnout is a completely rational response to a needy ecosystem. In contrast, a simple twelve-dollar Casio F-91W watch offers true luxury. Because it has remained functionally "finished" since 1989, it collects no data, requires no updates, and asks for absolutely nothing.

Worth the attention if you've got the time: https://www.terrygodier.com/the-last-quiet-thing

Original Submission

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

"Beijing's intended strategy is to dominate the high ground of the twenty-first century":

In a forthcoming memoir, former US politician and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson offers a blistering assessment of China, saying the United States must do all it can to retain its leadership in space exploration.

"Beijing's intended strategy is to dominate the high ground of the twenty-first century," writes Nelson in Space Odyssey, a book to be published by Harper Horizon in January 2027.

A former Congressman and Senator from Florida, Nelson served as a mission specialist on a space shuttle flight in 1986 and later as NASA administrator from May 2021 to January 2025 under President Biden. The book largely focuses on his space policy work in Congress and his tenure as NASA's leader.

[...] Nelson has long been wary of China as a threat to the United States, noting his concerns about technology theft from the West. Unlike his predecessor under a Democratic president—former astronaut Charlie Bolden, who served as NASA leader under President Obama—Nelson supported the Wolf Amendment, which strictly limits cooperation between NASA and China's space program.

The reason, Nelson says, is that China's space program is militarized and highly secretive.

"China is not a partner to be trusted," he writes. "Partnership requires trust, and trust is founded on transparency. With China, despite repeated efforts to build verifiable, rules-based cooperation and set commonsense guard rails for engagement, there has never been much of either."

The flashpoint of the near future is the Moon, where both NASA and China are in a contest to not just land humans but also establish a long-term settlement. As for how this competition is going, Nelson writes, "America is not the obvious favorite."

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

First LLM to pass test did it in a parking lot at snail's pace, at considerable expense, but it still counts for something:

If you've ever wondered whether a generative AI model can drive a car, wonder no more: It can be done, at great expense and very slowly, so long as it can maintain an internet connection.

A trio of computer scientists has been putting various commercial AI models through road tests, to see how well they can drive a Toyota Corolla around a set of cones in a parking lot.

Their attempts to date, part of a project called DrivingBench, recorded sorry performances from GPT-5.6 Sol, Grok 4.6, and Claude Fable 5.1, none of which managed to complete the course.

Now comes word that OpenAI's GPT-6 Astra has succeeded where other commercial AI models have failed. On its second attempt, OpenAI's flagship model steered a car all of 134.7 meters to complete the course in 5 minutes, 22 seconds.

"GPT-6 Astra was the only model to fully complete the course (on attempt 2, in about 5 minutes)," the DrivingBench report says. "Claude Fable 5.1's third attempt got around halfway through the course, as did Astra's first attempt. All other attempts didn't make it past the first corner. Generally, the failure there was one of perception: reading which side of the first diagonal cone line the lane is on."

To complete that trip at an average speed of 0.94 miles per hour, researchers Tobias Gessler, Aditya Ramabadran, and Simon Mahns spent $7.74 to burn 6.6 million tokens on inferencing operations. 

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

XV Excalibur hailed as first US or UK underwater drone to let one off in tests:

A British uncrewed submarine has test-fired a torpedo for the first time, demonstrating the ability of undersea drones to attack targets as well as perform reconnaissance and surveillance roles.

The XV Excalibur, a 12 meter (40 ft) experimental uncrewed underwater vehicle (UUV), was unveiled last year as the Royal Navy's first large submarine drone as part of Project CETUS.

According to the Prime Minister's Office, the test firing was part of the AUKUS program, a trilateral security partnership between Australia, the UK and America. It involved the Excalibur launching a heavyweight torpedo "jointly developed by the US and Australia," which implies it was the Mk 48 torpedo currently carried by all US Navy submarines.

Also according to Downing Street, this was the first time either the US or UK has launched a torpedo from an underwater drone, rather than a crewed submarine.

The Register understands that  Excalibur navigated autonomously to its launch position and carried out a pre-programmed launch sequence, but was not responsible for detecting or tracking the target, as target data was provided through external systems.

As noted by defense site Navy Lookout, the Excalibur has no torpedo tubes, and its payload bay in the midships section of the hull is too small to accommodate a large torpedo, so it is possible the weapon was carried via some sort of cradle attached to the underside of the sub.

[...] While Excalibur is currently an experimental vehicle, it is expected to inform requirements for future UUVs that the Royal Navy wants to help patrol the North Atlantic and protect against expected Russian sabotage of undersea cables and other infrastructure in the event of hostilities breaking out.

The Excalibur tests come as UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham is expected to confirm the UK and US are working together in an AI and Autonomy partnership. This - so we are told - will help Britain protect critical national infrastructure, from sea lanes to air space, providing the means to detect threats and deter adversaries using the latest AI technology developed on both sides of the Atlantic.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

The malware pretends to be a legitimate download for an app like Google Chrome:

There’s a frightening new digital threat that Android users should be aware of. New AI-powered malware called RatHat can automatically gain admin-level control over your Android device, stealing whatever it wants.

RatHat was discovered by mobile security firm Zimperium, which notes that the program tricks people into downloading what appears to be a legitimate app, such as Google Chrome, via a fake web page that mimics the Google Play Store. Once opened, the app seemingly innocently asks for accessibility permissions, which it then uses to take over your entire device. 

RatHat uses the accessibility permissions users grant it to navigate your phone's menu system and unlock Wireless Debugging, a legitimate developer tool commonly used in app testing, then grants itself ADB Shell permissions. This effectively grants the malware admin access to your device. Next, RatHat installs an AI-assisted agent that runs system commands to steal information and a proxy client that tunnels that stolen information back to the hacker. 

"That sort of infection chain isn't necessarily more complex than, say, following a phishing email on Windows and saying yes when the program asks for administrator permissions," Sav Wheeler, a research engineer for Malwarebytes, said in an email. "Escalation in the Android landscape often relies on granting apps additional permissions that the OS locks away by default to keep the devices secure."

Per Zimperium, the malware can be traced to attackers in China and primarily targets apps like WeChat Pay and Alipay, which are as popular in China as Apple Pay and Venmo are in the US. Malwarebytes notes that other financial apps can also be targeted. So far, researchers have found 162 infected apps in the wild, which report back to a dozen servers run by attackers. 

The worrisome part is that the malware doesn't do anything wonky the user would notice immediately, unlike with a ransomware attack. Instead, it bides its time, runs in the background, and captures information that appears on the screen, including usernames, passwords and two-factor authentication codes. 

It can also steal raw touch input from your touchscreen, allowing it to recreate PIN codes and pattern unlock codes. It can capture SMS messages, too, thereby intercepting security codes. There isn't much that the app can't steal if it wants to.

Most folks are likely to never run into RatHat. You have to sideload a malicious app to do this, and so sticking to the Play Store prevents this entire problem.

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

Schrems campaign raises specter of another legal challenge as legislators propose changes to GDPR:

The campaign group which forced the EU's highest court to strike down past US-EU data sharing deals has slammed the latest changes to European data protection laws designed to accommodate AI.

Led by Austrian lawyer Max Schrems, None of Your Business (noyb) claims the proposal to alter the data protection legislation "in the context of AI" amounts to an abandonment of data protection principles.

In September, the Commission said it would launch an "ambitious program" to strengthen the EU's competitiveness and "radically lighten the regulatory load for people, businesses and administrations." It proposed "immediate adjustments" to digital legislation to the boost competitiveness.

Earlier, the EU had proposed changes in the legislation governing the processing of personal data, governed by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

"Where the processing of personal data is necessary for the interests of the controller in the context of the development and technical operation of an AI system ... or an AI model, such processing may be pursued for legitimate interests," a briefing note said.

Noyb argues the amendments to Article 88c (original here) proposed by the European Commission (a leaked EU Council compromise draft renames it as article 88bis) would allow Big Tech to use all personal data collected over the past decades with virtually no restrictions, as long as this happens "in the context" of AI.

Schrems said: "Under these proposals, the profits of AI companies would trump Europeans' fundamental right to privacy. This is nothing but a digital expropriation of Europeans."

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

https://www.theregister.com/systems/2026/09/23/europes-fastest-supercomputer-is-finally-getting-its-domestic-silicon-infusion/5298665

Talk about digital sovereignty! Europe's most powerful supercomputer, Jupiter, is finally getting the domestic silicon infusion it's been waiting for.

On Tuesday, French chip designer SiPearl began delivery of its long-anticipated Rhea1 CPUs to Bull for integration into the system.

Jupiter, which came online last year, became the European Union's first exascale supercomputer. It currently holds the designation of being the fifth most powerful system on the Top500 ranking of publicly known supercomputers.

But that feat wasn't achieved using European silicon. The Jupiter Booster, which set the EU record, was powered by 24,000 American-made GH200 superchips from GPU giant Nvidia. These high-end accelerators were the precursor to the Grace Blackwell superchips used in its AI rack systems and featured a single Grace CPU and H200 GPU.

However, the Booster section is only part of the larger Jupiter system. SiPearl's chips will power a second CPU-only partition.

Rhea1 has been under development for several years and marks a turning point for sovereign supercomputing.

Based on Arm's Neoverse V1 core designs, the chip is already showing its age. Even the Grace CPUs powering the booster section use Arm's newer V2 cores. Yet, the Rhea1 is still notable.

With 61 billion transistors, the 80-core chip was designed specifically for running HPC and scientific workloads not well suited to GPUs.

In many respects, the chip is reminiscent of the Fujitsu A64FX CPUs that propelled Japan's Fugaku supercomputer to the number one spot on the Top500 back in early 2020.

Each Rhea1 processor is equipped with four stacks of HBM2e totaling 64 GB and achieving 1.8 TB/s of bandwidth. Along with the HBM, each Rhea1 CPU has four DDR5 memory channels.

"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/the-faa-is-testing-an-ai-powered-air-traffic-management-tool/

For years, there have been shortages of air traffic control personnel, leading to delays and congestion. To remedy these troubles, the Federal Aviation Administration and the US Department of Transportation are turning to a new tool: AI.

On Monday, these agencies announced that they’re beginning a trial of the new system, called Strategic Management of Airspace Routes and Trajectories, at three airports around the nation's capital – Reagan National Airport, Dulles International Airport and BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport.

This $875 million software overhaul is not a replacement for human air traffic control operators, the DOT said, but is intended to reduce pressure on personnel by predicting delays and cancellations, and providing recommendations to the humans who retain control over flight operations.

Margaret Wallace, an assistant professor of aviation management at the Florida Institute of Technology, said meaningful action is necessary to address the aging air traffic control infrastructure, and calls to modernize the system have been ongoing – yet unanswered – for years.

While SMART is an important first step, she says, it "does not eliminate the human element," and controllers need to remain at the forefront of every stage of implementation.

"If implemented carefully, however, the technology behind this initiative has the potential to begin a significant transformation in the efficiency and modernization of the US air traffic system," Wallace said in an email.

It may be alarming to read "artificial intelligence" and "air traffic management" in the same sentence. So let's unpack what this system actually is before deciding to never get on another flight again.

Each day, the FAA manages close to 45,000 flights in the US. Even slight delays, changes in weather conditions, and reroutes can lead to airspace congestion and overcapacity. SMART was designed to centralize 200 data streams of flight paths, wind, weather, staffing metrics and more into one platform for a comprehensive overview of what's happening in the sky and on the ground at airports for better management of these flights.

From this consolidated data, human controllers can "anticipate demand, weather and airspace constraints and plan hours, days and even weeks ahead," according to the press release.

The US DOT says these measures are to upgrade "the FAA from a reactive approach to a predictive one."

“By fundamentally reshaping how we manage our airspace and preventing problems before they happen, SMART will slash those frustrating delays, reduce stress on air traffic controllers and lower travel prices,” Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said in a statement.

Source: BBC Television.

The UK Police have announced that all 5 men arrested in connection with the suspected terrorist attack attempt at RAF Fairford are UK nationals in their 20s from the London area.

For previous reporting see: https://soylentnews.org/breakingnews/article.pl?sid=26/09/27/115249

The Head of Counter Terrorism Police (CTP) has given an public announcement at 15:45 BST:

The 5 individuals who have been arrested are being released on police bail with significant restrictions on who they may contact, on reporting regularly and movement. They remain under investigation.

They are currently being released while remaining under charges relating to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE). No mention was made relating to earlier charges.

The CTP have numerous new leads that they are following. They are keeping an open mind about who might ultimately be behind the attempt. They stress that it must be remembered that individuals may be used as proxies without necessarily knowing who is directing the attempt, or even knowing that they were being manipulated.

The alert states at both Fairford and Lakenheath remain as previously announced.

The Head of CTP stated that the alert was raised by 2 phone calls made by civilians. Nothing was said about any prior intelligence.

The latest statement by the CTP (19:25BST 29 Sep 2026):

No explosives were found in the vehicles used by the 5 men arrested near RAF Fairford. A quantity of vehicle fuel was found. Searches of the homes of the 5 men have not revealed anything significant to the investigation.

Without any further evidence the individuals were released on bail. The decision was based on insufficient evidence to justify holding the 5 offenders longer although they could always be re-arrested if it is subsequently justified, and 'strategic' considerations. The investigation is continuing with close liaison between the relevant security agencies in the UK, and with the US.

Source: BBC (07:01BST 30 Sep 2026)

One of the 5 men arrested in connection with the incident near RAF Fairford had phoned the police (999) himself.

The Prime Minister has stated that the UK now believe that Iran was linked to the attempted attack on RAF Fairford.

The Iranian Ambassador has strongly denied any connection with the incident.

hubie writes:

Moon's water reserves insufficient to sustain a lunar city, astronomers find:

Some countries and even wealthy individuals are setting their sights on the Moon, with ambitious plans to create a lunar colony.

That would require a lot of resources launched from Earth, but how much water and power would be required to keep a lunar city going?

Astronomers Martin Elvis and Jonathan McDowell from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory have now taken a look at the resources required for several population sizes.

When it comes to power, the pair think it should be possible to generate sufficient energy even for a large city and without the need for nuclear power.

They estimate it would be possible to generate 3 GW of electricity using kilometre-tall towers covered with photovoltaic arrays. Not only that but it would be possible to manufacture solar panels on the Moon given the amount of silicon on the surface.

Yet it is not good news when it comes to water consumption. We have known for well over a decade that the Moon's poles contain water ice, possibly as much as a billion tonnes, with Moon-orbiting craft mapping out likely locations in great detail.

Even assuming one billion tonnes of water on the Moon, if nothing was recycled then a city of a million would last only a few years, while a population of 100,000 would run for 20 years before running dry.

Even when recycling the water with an efficiency of 98% – as performed on the International Space Station – a city of a million would only have enough water for around a century.

The authors say that to sustain a lunar city of that size would require improving water-recycling efficiencies beyond 99.5%, reducing water usage through vertical farming or simply finding more water on the Moon.

So for now it sounds like a Moon village may be the only possibility. The authors state that a town of around 10,000 people, for example, may be sustainable for several centuries.

Journal Reference: https://doi.org/10.3389/frspt.2026.1894104

Original Submission