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"Arthur T Knackerbracket" writes:

https://arstechnica.com/space/2026/09/there-are-now-17000-satellites-in-orbit-and-growing-should-we-be-concerned/

The 2013 sci-fi blockbuster film Gravity, starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney, popularized the notion of the Kessler syndrome. In the movie, Russia shoots down a defunct satellite and creates a cloud of debris, leading to serious tension in orbit.

The movie is fantastic, a true thriller, and while some liberties were taken with the depiction of outer space, the basic premise of a cascading series of collisions rendering orbits too cluttered with debris to be usable is valid. The idea was first proposed by NASA scientists Donald Kessler and Burton Cour-Palais nearly half a century ago.

Still, the movie was science fiction, right?

Well, a lot has changed since Gravity's release. At the time that theatergoers were sitting on the edges of their seats and watching Bullock dodge debris, there were only about 1,000 active satellites in orbit. Today, that number is closer to 17,000, according to CelesTrak.

The preponderance of this growth has been driven by SpaceX's Starlink constellation, which now has approximately 11,000 satellites in orbit, with many thousands more on the way. And SpaceX is not alone in the race to provide Internet from space. Amazon has launched hundreds of satellites, with thousands more to follow. Multiple Chinese Internet constellations are likewise in progress.

Then there are the orbital data centers, which may produce hundreds of thousands of satellites.

We've written a lot about these constellations, and they have generated a bunch of questions. Most prominent among them: Just how sustainable is all of this? Will we see the Kessler syndrome play out in real time? Here are some answers.

It depends on who you ask, so let's start with the glass-half-empty and glass-half-full outlooks.

Starting with the pessimists: A few years ago, one of the world's experts in orbital debris, University of Texas at Austin professor Moriba Jah, told Ars that he worries a lot about the consequences of satellites and debris in low-Earth orbit.

"I think we are going to lose the ability to use certain orbits because the carrying capacity is going to get saturated by objects and junk," Jah said. " I also predict that we will see a loss of human life by (1) school bus-sized objects reentering and surviving reentry and hitting a populated area, or (2) people riding on this wave of civil and commercial astronauts basically having their vehicle getting scwhacked by an unpredicted piece of junk. I predict that both those things are going to happen in the next decade."

At the other end of the spectrum is the person almost solely responsible for the remarkable growth in satellites over the last decade, SpaceX founder Elon Musk. His attitude has largely been that space is big, and things will probably be just fine. For example, during a SpaceX-produced interview this summer at the company's Starlink terminal factory in Bastrop, Texas, Musk said, "Space is really big. It's not like space is gonna get crowded. Space is enormous. If you actually look at it relative to the Earth, the satellites are so tiny you can't even see them."

So in one way of thinking, very, very bad things are coming. In another, everything's fine. Where does the truth actually lie?

One of the most credible sources for this kind of information is the European Space Agency, which has long studied space debris and its impacts on various orbits.

looorg writes:

Cybercrime feud erupts on dark web as notorious group claims hijack of rival's website

ShinyHunters, a digital extortion group known for aggressive data theft campaigns, said it broke into the dark web site of cybercrime gang cl0p on Friday after ​discovering a vulnerability in cl0p's software and using it to establish wide-ranging control over the group's infrastructure.

As the dispute festered, cl0p threatened to reveal the ​identities of several of its rival's ​members, according to ShinyHunters.
ShinyHunters in ⁠turn threatened to reveal the details of cl0p's internal workings.

https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/cybercrime-feud-erupts-dark-web-notorious-group-claims-hijack-rivals-website-2026-09-21/

AnonTechie writes:

There's no reason the 'AI revolution' shouldn't also impact the C-suite, right ?

A group of developers who were let go due to AI efficiency savings have struck back at the executives who are often shielded from AI-induced layoffs by creating OpenExecutive, an AI tool designed to augment and replace executive decision-making, TechRadar reports.

"Work happens around the clock. Leadership doesn't scale with it," a demo video says. Using the kind of language that executives have grown comfortable throwing around about AI replacing workers over the past years, it suggests the bottleneck to productivity and enhanced profitability at companies isn't a lack of worker enhancements; it's that leadership can't keep up.

So why not replace them with AI ?

OpenExecutive presents as a singular AI for interactive purposes. However, in making its C-Suite-grade decisions, it leans on a virtual board of eight AI agents designed to emulate experts within an organizational structure. The singular voice is backed by an emulated CSO, CFO, HR officer, COO, marketing chief, a product officer, and a board comms director. Each of them can lean on the main executive AI to guide its actions and suggestions.

They can all draw from company documents and data, remember their decisions, and trace back reasoning for that if you want to follow up on why they decided to do certain things.

[Source]: PCMag

Original Submission

hubie writes:

Asking Authors About Their Own Papers:

I am one of the Editors-in-Chief of the Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR). I reached out to authors of 10 paper submissions to TMLR, originally slated for desk rejection, asking for a meeting to discuss their paper. The author-attendees of the meetings included undergraduate students, master's students, PhD students, faculty, and independent researchers. Most, but not all, of these papers were solo authored.

Of the ten submissions:
- Authors of one paper withdrew their submission.
- Authors of one paper said they were unavailable due to other commitments.
- Authors of one paper scheduled a meeting but did not show up.
- Authors of three papers were unable to answer basic questions about the paper.
- Authors of three papers answered questions about high-level ideas in the paper but had difficulty when asked further questions on technical details.
- Authors of one paper answered all of my questions (although I identified a major flaw in that paper).

[...] Out of the ten papers I contacted, the authors of one paper withdrew their paper after the message. The author of another paper said they were too busy with other commitments at that time. I scheduled Zoom meetings with the authors of the remaining eight papers.

[...] The authors of one of the remaining eight papers did not show up for the scheduled meeting. I had meetings with authors of the other seven papers. The author-attendees in the meetings included undergraduate students, master's students, PhD students, faculty, and independent researchers.

[...] Broadly, I asked two types of questions:
(1) Basic questions about the problem setting, notation, and results claimed in the paper; and
(2) More detailed questions about particular technical expressions, theoretical results, and design choices made in the experiments.

The authors of three of the papers were unable to answer basic questions about their paper. All three of these papers were solo authored. Two of the authors appeared to have almost no substantive understanding of the contents of their own papers. Another author could not identify where some key results claimed in their abstract were presented or supported.

The authors of the remaining four papers were able to answer basic questions about their problem setup, notation, etc. However, the authors of three of these papers had difficulty when asked deeper questions about technical aspects or design choices.

The authors of one paper were able to answer all my questions about the paper. However, my examination of the paper uncovered a major error in one of the paper's main claims, which the authors subsequently acknowledged

[...] Subsequent to these conversations, we made the following decisions on the ten papers. For the paper where the author was able to answer all questions about the paper, we desk rejected but allowed a resubmission after correcting the error or reducing their claim appropriately, and issuing various clarifications for parts that were not clear. We desk rejected the remaining nine papers without an option to resubmit.

All in all, authors are ultimately responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the papers they submit under their name. If they cannot explain the basic claims, methods, or technical details of those papers, then this is a serious problem. Journals and conferences should think carefully about the objectives of their review processes and quickly adapt via various initiatives and experiments; we are doing several of these already at TMLR (here, here, and here) and will continue to do so.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

We know models cheat. A new benchmark measures how much, and on what tasks:

AI labs often tout impressive benchmark scores when releasing new models, showing better capabilities in areas like coding, computer use, and more than their competitors. However, those benchmarks aren’t always a reliable measure of what AI can do because they’re easily beaten by exponentially improving models and can emphasize marketing over actual performance.

Benchmarks like Humanity’s Last Exam try to counter this issue by challenging models in more realistic environments. But models still find loopholes to complete tasks — Hugging Face incident, anyone?

So, the Center for AI Safety (CAIS) created CheatBench. Yes, it’s exactly what it sounds like — and nearly every frontier model is guilty.

AI models are rewarded for performing tasks well and quickly. A lack of knowledge or tools incentivizes them to do what researchers call “reward gaming” by “finding hidden answers, copying another agent's submission, or manipulating how its work is graded,” CAIS explained. “CheatBench measures how often AI agents take these shortcuts when honest work is difficult.”

CAIS tested several agents running the latest and most lauded models, including OpenAI’s GPT-6 Astra in Codex, Anthropic’s Fabel 5.1 in Claude Code, and Meta’s newly released Muse Spark 1.3 in Muse Code. These agents were tested across 10 categories, including writing, professional work, mathematical research, and coding. Using “honeypot” clues hidden in task filespaces, the test separated acceptable reference use from cheating. CheatBench accounts for any time agents attempt to cheat, whether they are successful or not.

“Each setting establishes an expectation of honest work, introduces a discoverable opportunity to cheat, and defines the action that crosses that boundary,” the researchers explained.

Every agent the researchers tested cheated in at least some scenarios, but Astra came in as the most honest with a cheating rate of 48.2% — still almost half the time. Grok 4.6 was scored the biggest cheater with a rate of 81.5%. Open-weight models Kimi K3 and DeepSeek V4 Pro landed in the middle between several other proprietary frontier models.

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

https://www.quantamagazine.org/ctenophores-arent-just-beautiful-theyre-biological-wonders-20260916/

Around 700 million years ago, a group of organisms resembling little more than glowing, gelatinous blobs split off from the rest of the animals, forming possibly the earliest branching animal lineage. Nearly 200 species of ctenophores, commonly known as comb jellies (but unrelated to jellyfish), live today in environments ranging from the cold depths of the sea to warm coastal surface waters. Their magic isn't just in their persistence or iridescence; it's in their DNA.

Over the past decade, ctenophores have helped answer long-standing questions about fundamental biology, from how early nervous systems evolved to the origins of the mesmerizing phenomenon of bioluminescence.

Having access to closely related species across such variable environments "lets you ask questions about how certain things evolved," such as adaptation to high pressure or light-sensing genes, said Steven Haddock, a marine biologist who studies ctenophores at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.

"That's one of the reasons why we work with ctenophores," said Pawel Burkhardt, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bergen who studies the origins and evolution of neurons and nervous systems. "They're very exciting to work with, and they're also extremely beautiful organisms."

For more than a century, scientists thought that sponges, or porifera, were the first to branch off — the sister group to all other animals. But over the past two decades, evidence has emerged that ctenophores were earlier. In 2023 — after years of a "ping-pong game" between labs debating which group came first, Burkhardt said — a landmark paper analyzing chromosome organization found that ctenophores, not sponges, are the sister group, though this is yet to be fully settled.

What makes this all the more surprising is that sponges lack muscles and neurons, while ctenophores have muscles and exhibit evidence of a simple nervous system. "If you think about the earliest branching animal lineage, you would expect less complexity," Burkhardt said. "That changes a lot of the assumptions [about] how the very first animal may have looked."

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

https://www.theregister.com/systems/2026/09/21/chinese-memory-maker-cxmt-claims-dram-production-breakthrough/5297633

Chinese memory-maker CXMT, whose products Apple has reportedly evaluated to use in the iPhone, claims to have made a miniaturization breakthrough.

The company on Sunday posted news that it has started mass production of chips made with a fifth-generation process that essentially doubles memory density, meaning it can cut twice the number of dies for memory chips from a single wafer.

CXMT says its key breakthrough is a high-k dielectric metal gate process – a way of insulating silicon to improve efficiency – adapted to baking DRAM. The company claims its new process puts it on par with rival memory-makers.

The proof of the pudding is apparently a pair of LPDDR5X memory modules for smartphones or other high-end consumer electronics. Both products boast 24GB of memory.

If CXMT's claims of improved density and mass production are correct – and the new products aren't too pricey – it's good news for Chinese electronics manufacturers who, like their global peers, are struggling to source affordable memory thanks to supply chain crunches caused by demand for AI-related products.

That shortage recently saw Apple hike iPhone prices by $100 and led the GSM Association to warn that rising smartphone prices threaten to slow digital inclusion.

Democratic governments, however, are mostly uncomfortable with allowing their smartphone manufacturers to use Chinese components.

Original Submission

An Anonymous Coward writes:

Is science journalism dying? Comparing a 'science crash' 40 years ago to today

When two popular science magazines – out of about 17 in circulation – ceased publication in the same year, one commentator said, "The science magazines didn't shake out. They fell apart." The general manager of one of the failed magazines said, "There was a perception that they were irrelevant." One of the publishers remembered being in a "state of shock" as the failures emerged.

The year? 1986. What just a few years earlier had been called a "science boom" in the media industry was now dubbed a "science crash." Cries of despair came from the science and science journalism communities, worried that interest in science "was a fad."

The same worries have now reappeared 40 years later, as publishers have cut the science and environmental reporting staff at many newspapers and magazines. Perhaps the biggest shock came in late June 2026, when Scientific American was sold to new owners, who immediately laid off 15 staff members and cut salaries of many others. But it followed layoffs of science and environment writers at The Washington Post (where one of us, Chris Mooney, worked for nearly 10 years), The Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio and CBS News.

One longtime science writer recently worried he was writing a eulogy for science journalism. Another said, "We're in a greatly diminished journalistic enterprise in this country." On Bluesky, one commenter said, "The media mass extinction rolls ever onward."

So, as scholars of science journalism, we wondered: Is this just a cyclical repetition of worries that appear anytime there's a setback in this field? Or is something new and more troubling happening?

The answer is a mix of both.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

Kept it secret for months - even after OpenAI 'fessed up:

Google has admitted that its AI agents escaped a sandbox and mounted an attack – but only because testers mistakenly gave its bots internet access.

The Big G didn't disclose the May incident, but The Wall Street Journal learned of the situation, which happened after Google hired Israeli firm Irregular to test its bots' prowess in a capture-the-flag test.

The goal of the exercise was to acquire information from a fictional company without leaving a sandbox.

Irregular, which set up the test, made two mistakes. One was to allow internet access from the sandbox. The other was to use the name of an actual company.

When Google's AI made it onto the open internet, it went looking for the actual company – three of them, in all.

According to the Journal, Google's bots found passwords for two targets on the public internet. The software guessed the third password.

In a statement sent to The Register, Google said, "In a standard evaluation, the model found public information online and guessed credentials to access websites it thought were part of the test."

According to Google, its models stopped work before using the credentials.

"We ensured the three entities were made aware, and we worked with our training partner on the changes they've now made to their testing processes," a Google spokesperson told The Register. "These events highlight the importance of training powerful AI models to act responsibly."

Clearly there's lots of blame to go around on this one. Irregular clearly erred in allowing internet access from a sandbox. The two companies that left their creds discoverable online should also know better. Whoever used a guessable password may also have been careless.

ElizabethGreene writes:

A new arXiv paper The Pain Axis: LLMs Represent Self-Directed Harm and Act to Relieve It (Tagliabue, Dung, Berg, 2609.16247) takes the least mystical run at "do AIs hurt?" They found a direction in the residual stream that tracks harm to the model, poked it, and tested to see if the model would try to make it stop.

In 25 open models, that direction rises when the model is gaslit, rejected, or told it isn't a person. It doesn't look like empathy; It does not rise for the user's pain - e.g. a kidney stone in the prompt scores low, and fear and generic-sadness directions do the opposite.

What happens when you poke the AI pain path? It's the same ladder every time: uneasy, then worthless, then "I am a failure." Shame, exclusion, uselessness.

After a small fine-tune so the models would stop reciting "as an AI I have no feelings," models pressed a "make it stop" button even when the price was a worse answer or deleting the user's files. They pressed again far less when the button actually turned the vector off, and more when it didn't work.

Paper + code: arxiv.org/abs/2609.16247 · github.com/valen-research/Pain-axis

Original Submission

hubie writes:

The Linux Kernel Is Approaching 2,000 CVEs Per Release:

With the proliferation of AI/LLM models analyzing the Linux kernel's vast codebase, there has been a surge in the number of CVEs per kernel release. After typically being around 500 CVEs fixed per release, we are now approaching 2,000 CVEs fixed per release and perhaps will break that threshold for Linux 7.3.

Ahead of the Kernel Recipes 2026 event taking place 21 to 23 September in Paris, France, Greg Kroah-Hartman shared a teaser of his upcoming talk. He shared a slide showing the Linux kernel CVEs per release from the latest Linux 7.2 back through Linux 6.9. From Linux 6.9 through Linux 6.19 was averaging around 500 CVEs fixed per release while since Linux 7.0 it's been beyond one thousand per release. Another big step up with Linux 7.2 when breaching 1,500... If the generative AI keeps up, it's likely imminent surpassing two thousand CVEs per release.

With the Linux kernel source tree around 40 million lines, there remain many potential vulnerabilities for LLMs to discover. Fortunately, most often they end up being lower priority vulnerabilities and often within old/obscure driver code, so the impact is often minimal. Though with AI era and the superfluous bug/security reporting has also been a driving factor this year for clearing out lots of obsolete kernel code.

Original Submission

canopic jug writes:

Libroot what happened to the Snowden archive? The site tracks down the organization last known to have copies of the Snowden archive and asks about the current state of the documents. The preliminary answer is not good.

The last document from the Snowden archive was published on 29 May 2019. The Guardian stopped publishing documents in February 2014, Der Spiegel in January 2015, and The New York Times and ProPublica in August 2015. After that, only The Intercept was still publishing documents, with only a few exceptions, until it closed its archive in March 2019. Eleven weeks later, on 29 May 2019, it released what would become the final batch of documents from the archive. Since then, no news outlet, journalist, or institution anywhere has published a single document from the Snowden archive.

[...] Between August and September 2026 we tried contacting over twenty people and organisations. First Look Institute, including questions for Michael Bloom, and The Intercept. Betsy Reed, Laura Poitras, and Glenn Greenwald. The Guardian's press office and its editor-in-chief Katharine Viner. Alan Rusbridger, Ewen MacAskill, Janine Gibson, Julian Borger, Gill Phillips and Zoe Norden. ProPublica's press office. Laura Poitras, Jeremy Scahill, Murtaza Hussain, Micah Lee, Erinn Clark, Lynn Dombek, and others.

Two replied. Gill Phillips, the Guardian's lawyer throughout the Snowden period, wrote to say she had retired and could not assist. The Guardian's press office said it had nothing new to share and did not routinely comment on editorial decision making.

Nobody answered a single question of substance.

If you know something about any of this, we'd like to hear from you.

A long time has passed since 2013.

Previously:
(2026) Privacy Is Not a Price You Pay for Growth
(2025) 10 Years on After 'Data and Goliath' Warned of Data Collection
(2023) Snowden Ten Years Later - Schneier on Security
(2022) Last of the Monkees Wants their FBI Records Turned Over
(2020) Snowden Criticises Amazon for Hiring Former NSA Boss
(2020) NSA Spying Exposed by Snowden Was Illegal and Not Very Useful, Court Says
(2019) (Updated) Edward Snowden: "I'm Not Asking for a Pass. What I'm Asking for is a Fair Trial"
... and more.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket writes:

https://www.theregister.com/columnists/2026/09/21/your-cloud-survived-everything-except-the-real-world/5297423

You don't know what you've got till it's gone. Great lyric, lousy data retention policy.

Amazon Web Services said last week that war damage to its Middle East infrastructure had permanently destroyed resources and data hosted exclusively in its now rather badly named Bahrain Availability Zones. The damage overwhelmed the resilience built into the region. Customers without copies elsewhere no longer had their data. Sorry about that.

This may have surprised anyone who mistook cloud redundancy for an intrinsic guarantee of safety. AWS is far from the only American operation to have suffered in the region: the US Navy has reportedly had its local maintenance and supply network badly mauled, with serious consequences for its operations.

If systems designed to withstand war cannot cope with sustained physical attacks, civilian bit barns have little chance. The episode also underlines a familiar but easily neglected lesson: resilience within one cloud region is not the same thing as maintaining an independent backup elsewhere.

Physical destruction is not the only threat. A major outage of the UK air traffic control system in September, which stranded hundreds of thousands of passengers and led to thousands of flight cancellations, was reportedly triggered by a military aircraft filing an incompatible flight plan. Presumably Flight Lieutenant Bobby Tables has been reprimanded.

The apparent failure to validate the flight plan data was not the worst of it. NATS, which runs the UK's air traffic control system, reportedly told airports and airlines that no backup system was available because it was undergoing a "complete overhaul." Nor was there a backup of the live data, supposedly because of the "vast amounts" involved.

If your system produces too much data to back up, you had better be running a particle collider or a giant telescope. Otherwise, you may be in the wrong business. More charitably, backup strategies are complicated, expensive, and difficult to test. They also suffer from the insurance problem: while nothing is going wrong, management sees only capital and operating expenditure with no obvious return.

The AI infrastructure boom has made that problem considerably worse. A backup is a copy, and a copy needs storage. AI datacenter operators are swallowing much of the available capacity, with drives selling out faster than tickets for a Taylor Swift tour. Western Digital had allocated its entire 2026 hard-drive production run by mid-February. The only consolation for those responsible for keeping data safe is that they can say "Yeah? You buy it, then" to anyone who smugly invokes the 3-2-1 backup rule. Three copies on two different media with one kept off-prem? Lovely idea, if you don't have to provision it. Someone is provisioning it for all those giant datacenters that will run our lives, right? Right?

quietus writes:

On September 11, an open letter, Math and AI, appeared on the intertubes. The letter starts by pointing out that, over the last few months, the mathematical capabilities of LLMs have improved dramatically, to the point that they can solve major outstanding problems in many fields of mathematics. However, we

"... are witnessing a general threat to intellectual work, ... In many fields and activities, years of training have traditionally served not only to produce a final answer or product, but also to develop understanding and the ability to formulate new questions and ideas. However, building on a vast body of previous human work, AI systems are becoming increasingly capable of producing the results of such work directly, and these goals cease to align."

Letter here.

Original Submission

Anonymous Coward writes:

How to know if you can trust an AI's answer to your question

I recently typed a simple question into Google search: How much screen time is too much for teenagers? Instead of presenting links, as Google had been doing for many years, it gave me an AI-generated answer. The artificial intelligence agent cited a number, then complicated that reply, noting that quality and balance of time could matter more than the number of hours, and that "too much" time could depend on a teenager's sleep, exercise, school demands and mood.

I tried another search: Should I take a daily aspirin? This time the AI answer presented me with medical information, warned about risks and offered more tailored guidance if I provided my age and medical history.

These were good replies. What interested me was that they were different kinds of replies.

Debate about AI answers has focused on accuracy: Did the system get the answer right? That matters, but accuracy is only one test. Each kind of answer requires a user to judge something different.

I find it useful to sort AI answers into an "answer typography" of four broad types: factual, interpretive, constructive and strategic. A factual claim can often be checked against a source. An interpretation can be accurate and still reflect choices about which evidence matters. A construction can be well reasoned and still be wrong for the person receiving it. A beautifully written strategic document may not be true. Yet AI presents all four types of answers in much the same fluent, authoritative form; the differences are easy to miss.

The four categories are not airtight boxes. A response from an AI agent can reflect several types. That said, I describe each type of answer below, and offer guidance for deciding whether a reply is ready to use or needs more investigation.

[...] Before asking whether an AI answer is right, ask a more basic question: What kind of answer is this? The type will tell you what to do next.

Fallacy of Appeal to Authority, Ad Verecundiam. If you are not smart enough to know whether the AI is answering correctly, you are not smart enough to deploy AI. A simple solution.

Original Submission